Java8 - Periods and durations

Category : Java | Sub Category : Java8 Features | By Prasad Bonam Last updated: 2023-11-13 07:34:03 Viewed : 244

In Java is java.time package, the Period and Duration classes are used to represent amounts of time. While both classes represent a span of time, they have different use cases:

1. Period:

• Represents a date-based amount of time, such as years, months, and days.
• Useful for working with human-based concepts like age, tenure, or billing cycles.

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Period period = Period.ofYears(2).plusMonths(3).plusDays(5);

Example:

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LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 1, 1);
LocalDate endDate = LocalDate.of(2022, 4, 6);

Period period = Period.between(startDate, endDate);

int years = period.getYears();
int months = period.getMonths();
int days = period.getDays();

System.out.println("Years: " + years);
System.out.println("Months: " + months);
System.out.println("Days: " + days);

2. Duration:

• Represents a time-based amount of time, measured in seconds and nanoseconds.
• Useful for precise measurements and calculations of time, such as intervals, timeouts, or durations of actions.

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Duration duration = Duration.ofDays(5).plusHours(3).plusMinutes(30);

Example:

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LocalTime startTime = LocalTime.of(10, 0);
LocalTime endTime = LocalTime.of(15, 30);

Duration duration = Duration.between(startTime, endTime);

long hours = duration.toHours();
long minutes = duration.toMinutesPart();

System.out.println("Hours: " + hours);
System.out.println("Minutes: " + minutes);

Combining Period and Duration:

• It is also common to use both Period and Duration in scenarios where you need to represent both date-based and time-based intervals.

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Period period = Period.ofMonths(2);
Duration duration = Duration.ofHours(48);

LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

LocalDateTime resultDateTime = dateTime.plus(period).plus(duration);

System.out.println("Result DateTime: " + resultDateTime);

Key Methods:

Common Methods for Both Period and Duration:

• ofX methods: Create instances of Period or Duration.
• between: Calculate the amount of time between two temporal objects.
• plus and minus: Add or subtract a Period or Duration to/from a temporal object.

Additional Methods for Period:

• getYears, getMonths, getDays: Retrieve the individual components of a Period.

Additional Methods for Duration:

• toDays, toHours, toMinutes, toMillis, toNanos: Convert the duration to different units.

Examples:

Period Example:

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import java.time.*;

public class PeriodExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 1, 1);
        LocalDate endDate = LocalDate.of(2022, 4, 6);

        Period period = Period.between(startDate, endDate);

        int years = period.getYears();
        int months = period.getMonths();
        int days = period.getDays();

        System.out.println("Years: " + years);
        System.out.println("Months: " + months);
        System.out.println("Days: " + days);
    }
}

Duration Example:

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import java.time.*;

public class DurationExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalTime startTime = LocalTime.of(10, 0);
        LocalTime endTime = LocalTime.of(15, 30);

        Duration duration = Duration.between(startTime, endTime);

        long hours = duration.toHours();
        long minutes = duration.toMinutesPart();

        System.out.println("Hours: " + hours);
        System.out.println("Minutes: " + minutes);
    }
}

Combining Period and Duration Example:

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import java.time.*;

public class PeriodAndDurationExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Period period = Period.ofMonths(2);
        Duration duration = Duration.ofHours(48);

        LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

        LocalDateTime resultDateTime = dateTime.plus(period).plus(duration);

        System.out.println("Result DateTime: " + resultDateTime);
    }
}

In these examples, Period and Duration are used to represent date-based and time-based intervals, respectively. The methods provided by these classes offer flexibility for performing calculations involving time and date components.